The Most Common Last Names: Origins, and Interesting Facts

Last names are more than just identifiers — they carry history, meaning, and even a glimpse into the lives of our ancestors. In the U.S., many surnames trace back to occupations, personal traits, or parental lineage, and reflect the rich mix of cultures that shaped the country. Whether you’re curious about your own last name or just love fun facts, here’s a look at the most common surnames in the United States and the stories behind them.

Smith: Most common surname in the US

Smith is the most common surname in America, with millions of people sharing it across generations. It comes from the Old English word smitan, meaning “to strike,” and was originally used for blacksmiths — a vital trade in medieval society. Because nearly every village had a smith, the name quickly spread and became widespread.

Despite its simplicity, “Smith” carries a sense of strength and tradition. It’s one of those surnames that feels timeless — chances are, you’ve met more than one!

Johnson: Son of John

“Johnson” literally means “son of John.” It’s a patronymic surname, common in English-speaking countries, and shows up in countless variations across Europe (like “Johansson” in Sweden or “Giovanni” in Italy as the root name).

It’s not just popular — it’s presidential. Lyndon B. Johnson carried this surname into the White House, and it continues to be one of the most common family names in the U.S.

Williams: Son of William

Another classic patronymic surname, “Williams” means “son of William.” The name William was especially popular after the Norman Conquest of England, and the surname grew from there.

What’s interesting about “Williams” is how widespread it is across different ethnic backgrounds in the U.S. — from English and Welsh roots to African American communities where the name became common post-emancipation.

Brown: English color-based surname

“Brown” is a descriptive surname, originally used for people with brown hair, brown eyes, or a darker complexion. It stems from the Old English word brun and was used both in England and Scotland.

It’s one of those names that’s easy to remember and easy to spot. Over time, it became one of the top surnames in the U.S. and has a warm, earthy feel that just… works.

Jones: Welsh patronymic “son of John”

“Jones” is the Welsh version of “son of John” — think of it as the Celtic cousin of Johnson. It exploded in popularity in Wales during the 16th century and traveled across the Atlantic with immigrants.

Today, “Jones” is not only one of the most common surnames in the U.S., but also a cultural staple (from Indiana Jones to Norah Jones). It’s short, punchy, and full of history.

Garcia: Spanish-origin surname

“Garcia” is one of the most common Hispanic surnames in the U.S., with deep roots in Spain. Its origin is believed to be Basque or Visigothic, possibly meaning “bear” or “young warrior.” It’s been a popular name for centuries — so much so that it’s now one of the top five surnames in the country.

You’ll find Garcias from California to New York, from musicians to politicians. It’s simple, powerful, and a proud symbol of Spanish-speaking heritage.

Miller: Occupational surname (miller)

As the name suggests, “Miller” was originally given to those who operated a mill — one of the oldest and most essential jobs in any village. The name comes from Middle English milner or mille, and became especially widespread in Anglo-Saxon regions.

Miller is still one of the most recognizable and common surnames in the U.S. It’s got that strong, working-class ring to it — the kind of name you’d expect to find in both small-town stories and big-city business cards.

Davis: Son of David

“Davis” is another patronymic surname, meaning “son of David.” The name David comes from Hebrew and means “beloved,” which adds a nice layer of sentiment to it. The surname has strong roots in Wales and England before becoming widespread in the United States.

It’s also a name that’s popped up often in U.S. history and pop culture — from jazz legends like Miles Davis to leaders and athletes. Classic, timeless, and approachable.

Rodriguez: Spanish patronymic

Rodriguez means “son of Rodrigo,” with -ez being a typical Spanish suffix indicating “descendant of.” Rodrigo itself is a Germanic name that means “famous ruler” — so you could say Rodriguez has royal undertones.

It’s one of the most prevalent Hispanic surnames in the U.S., reflecting the strong influence of Latin American communities. Whether you’re looking at sports rosters, artist credits, or local businesses, Rodriguez is everywhere — and for good reason.

Martinez: Spanish patronymic

“Martinez” translates to “son of Martin.” Like many Spanish patronymics, it became common throughout Spain and Latin America, eventually traveling to the U.S. through migration.

Martinez is one of those surnames that seems to carry a musical rhythm. It’s strong, sharp, and very familiar — and you’ll find it across every field, from actors to academics.

Hernandez: Spanish-origin surname

With roots in both Spain and Latin America, “Hernandez” is a surname derived from the given name Hernando (a variant of Fernando), which means “brave traveler” or “adventurous.” The -ez suffix again marks it as a patronymic.

Hernandez is among the top surnames in the U.S., particularly in states with strong Hispanic populations. It’s a name that carries history, resilience, and a strong cultural identity.

Lopez: Spanish-origin surname

“Lopez” means “son of Lope,” and Lope comes from the Latin lupus, meaning wolf. So yes — technically, Lopez is the surname of the wolf pack.

It’s an incredibly common name across the Spanish-speaking world and has become equally prominent in the U.S. (thanks in part to global icons like Jennifer Lopez). Short, punchy, and with some serious bite.

Gonzalez: Spanish patronymic

Gonzalez, meaning “son of Gonzalo,” is another patronymic powerhouse. Gonzalo itself is thought to come from the Germanic Gundisalv, meaning “battle elf” — yes, you read that right.

The name is well established across Latin America and the U.S., and it’s consistently ranked among the top surnames nationally. If you’ve ever watched a soccer match, you’ve probably seen at least one Gonzalez on the field.

Wilson: Son of Will

“Wilson” is a classic patronymic surname meaning “son of William.” It’s of English and Scottish origin and became widespread in the U.S. thanks to British and Irish immigration. William itself comes from Germanic roots meaning “strong-willed warrior.”

Wilson is the kind of surname that feels solid and dependable — maybe that’s why it’s been used by U.S. presidents, sports legends, and characters in every genre imaginable.

Anderson: Son of Andrew

“Anderson” comes from “son of Andrew,” with Andrew being a Greek name that means “manly” or “brave.” This surname is especially common in Scotland and Scandinavia, but it’s found its way into the top names in the U.S. too.

It’s one of those names that carries a sense of quiet strength. You’ll find it in tech, politics, and probably at least three of your old classmates.

Thomas: Biblical given-name origin

While “Thomas” is more commonly known as a first name, it’s also a very common surname — especially in English-speaking countries. The name comes from the Aramaic word for “twin” and has strong biblical ties, thanks to the apostle Thomas.

As a last name, Thomas is straightforward but meaningful. It’s been adopted widely and feels both timeless and familiar.

Taylor: Occupational surname (tailor)

“Taylor” is an occupational surname originally given to those who made or mended clothes — tailors. It comes from the Old French tailleur, meaning “to cut.”

Over time, Taylor has evolved into both a surname and a popular first name. It’s polished, professional, and has that creative edge… like someone who can literally stitch things together.

Moore: English/Irish origin

“Moore” has multiple origins, depending on the region. In England, it often refers to someone who lived near a moor (open land), while in Ireland, it may derive from “O’Mordha,” meaning “noble” or “stately.”

It’s a short, elegant name that’s managed to stay popular across continents. Plus, it just sounds like a name with a good story behind it.

Jackson: Son of Jack

Another patronymic surname, “Jackson” literally means “son of Jack.” Jack is a form of John, which has biblical origins meaning “God is gracious.” Jackson became especially common in the U.S. and has since taken on a life of its own.